North Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

North Korea - Essay Example The Boxer Rebellion started by China negatively affected Russian interests. Thusly, Russia sent soldiers into Manchuria. America founded the open entryway strategy (1899-1900) to control Russian extension. By and by, Russia and Japan battled about Manchuria and Korea (1904-1905). This paper dives into the recorded advancement, socioeconomics, legislative issues and different occasions that have molded North Korea all things considered (Armstrong 13). Russia encountered a socialist upheaval and toppling of the Tsar in 1917; the nation formally embraced the name of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The USSR’s impact had dwindled in East Asia at this point while Japan turned out to be progressively fierce over Manchuria. The Japanese in the long run introduced a manikin government in Manchuria after the intrusion of 1931-1932. Japan’s animosity heightened to the degree that it announced war on China in 1937. Besides, Japan constrained the attack of its way of life on Korea through impressive Shinto religion on the Koreans and compelling them to embrace Japanese last names. Korea’s national blessings were peered toward by contending countries coming full circle in the Korean war of 1950-1952. Government records and measurements are to some degree crude. The CIA World Fact Book assesses that the number of inhabitants in North Korea is 24,589,122 starting at 2012. Individuals beneath 14 years of age speak to 22%; those matured 15-64 speak to 69% while those over 65 years of age speak to 9%. A further investigate the insights uncovers that number of females is significantly greater than that of guys inside the age scope of over 15 years of age. The middle age is 31.2 for guys and 34.6 for females; this is a youthful middle age for both. The birth pace of 14.51 per 1000 and passing pace of 9.12 per 1000 joined with a net movement pace of - 0.04 per 1000, which yields a populace development pace of 0.53%. Urbanization is 60% of the populace; baby death rate is 26.21 passings per 1000; maternal demise rate is

The “New World” Explorer Free Essays

A typical instrument of journalists is to investigate a territory or new culture through the eyes of a stranger.â â An outsider would look to investigate and find all the features and parts of his new environment.â â On the other hand, to present the world through the eyes of an occupant gets dull in time as the inhabitant, having been comfortable with the greater part of the operations of his reality, would leave a lot of it that isn't inside his prompt region unmentioned or implied. We will compose a custom paper test on The â€Å"New World† Explorer or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now In both the narratives Benito Cereno and Daisy Miller, the hero is an American.â â He likewise has had some nature of his condition, however insufficient not to make him to a lesser degree an outsider. This character is advantageous, as the United States is mentally separate from the conventions of Old Europe, and even that of Spanish America.â The heroes unexpectedly become pioneers, in their endeavors to find a greater amount of their prompt unusual and new territory.â â This â€Å"New World† impact is progressively upgraded as outside of the restricted point of view of the hero, the creator cautiously and discreetly orchestrates suitable imageries of article, articulation and style to give an unobtrusive reference to the customs, American for Henry Melville, and European for Henry James. The quickly conspicuous imagery seen by the heroes in Benito Cereno and Daisy Miller is spoken to through the imagery of object.â â These are typified in solid tourist spots that have further setting in their separate traditions.â â In nineteenth century America, in Benito Cereno the milestone was the boat of the Spaniard, the San Dominick.â â The boat typifies the anxious, spearheading soul, which originally acquired Europe contact with the Indians of the Americas; it later turns into the backbone of the European colonizers, especially the Spanish, as the Galleon Trade and the Slave Trade.â â It is accordingly vital that San Dominick speaks to the two foundations in its lodging both fortune and African slaves (Melville, 140). Henry James’ Daisy Miller delineates the tourist spots as the scene of the mountains over the Vevey lake, the Chateau de Chillon, and the Colosseum.â â â The manor speaks to the hundreds that speck Europe’s nation, having been at one time the social and social focuses from Medieval occasions even to the eighteenth century, when administering families and privileged people reigned in sumptuous royal residences and mansions.â The Alpine mountains are a sight normal in southern Europe: from Switzerland, Italy, southern Germany and Austria, and is suggestive of its kinfolk west as the Pyrenees.â The utilization of French, from wording to engineering, speaks to the prevailing impact of the French since the Enlightenment, and the symbolism of Romeâ€from cobbled lanes to Colosseum in like manner represent the protection of Europe’s relic all through its returning to contemporary occasions. The dread delineated in the two works, in the interim, are images of articulations that, in their portrayals, likewise show the separate attitudes of the people groups of those occasions: for example, in the time of Benito Cereno, the danger of theft was an undeniable risk experienced by any captain.â â The boat was the soul of exchange among countries, and in Spain’s case among Empire and states. Commander Delano’s fits of frenzy at the chance of the Saint Dominick group being privateers were justifiable. Social manners was at the focal point of the â€Å"gentleman’s world† in European social circles.â â The feelings of trepidation were increasingly aimed at what hurt this â€Å"social order†: scandal.â â Thus, in Daisy Miller, the developing apprehension in Daisy’s open relationship with men of faulty character was that it incited an embarrassment among groups of friends, as conduct that straightforwardly resisted social standards. Separation likewise assumes a significant job in the feelings of dread, which feeds off the heroes. Chief Delano’s stresses are taken care of by the liberal activities of the Spanish commander towards the different rates highlighting the African’s appearing â€Å"equality† with the Spaniardâ€the unpunished maltreatment by a slave kid towards a Spanish partner, the responses of two slaves upon the terse activity of one Spaniard and the treatment of the African slave-ruler Atufal’s disobedience (Melville, 166).â Winterbourne’s fears are borne from the objecting perceptions of the ladies of Daisy’s relationship, as is portrayed in Daisy Miller, just as her propensity for going out around evening time with an all out strangerâ€once endeavored with Winterbourne, at that point really followed up on with Giovanelli. The imagery of structure and style is one that can be found after the second and third reading.â â It gives the peruser a sign of whether, similar to the American convention, the story is one straight and immediate and useful or utilizes unobtrusive suggestions, as is done in European cultures.â â In Benito Cereno, the neurosis of Captain Delano develops through various pictures: seeing the Ashantee slaves with their axes (Melville, 161), the comings and goings of individuals from the Spanish group (151, 153), and the quieted discussions of his host and the African helper (153). At the point when the stratagem is at long last found, the goals is quickly passed on through an American endeavor (189-192). Interestingly, European strict custom is increasingly intelligent and centers around the differing nuances of development and speech.â â The goals, at that point, is less clear if the layers of implications of the scenes that went before it was not effectively understood.â â â It was along these lines, in Daisy Miller, through the cautious investigation of the trading of words among Winterbourne and Daisy in Chateau de Chillon prompting her abrupt change in attitude, her unforgiving chidings of Winterbourne in Rome of his last words to her in Vevey, and the showdown between them in the Colosseum, could the deplorable last scenes be plainly comprehended. Works Cited References Melville, Herman.â Billy Budd, Sailor and Other Stories.â New York: Bantam Books, 1984. Electronic Sources James, Henry.â â€Å"Daisy Miller†.â Daisy Miller by Henry James.â February 2001, Project Gutenberg, 02 May 2002 http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/208. Instructions to refer to The â€Å"New World† Explorer, Essay models

5 Causes of Low Self-Esteem and How to Fight Them

5 Causes of Low Self-Esteem and How to Fight Them When you hear about self-esteem you would usually think about the unpleasant feeling of low self-worth and embarrassment in the moment.However, low self-esteem could be considered one of the leading factors behind the risks you can afford taking, your attitude towards high-stake situations, the direction of your decision making, and, ultimately, how far you get in life.  According to SimplyPsychology, ‘…people with high self-esteem focus on growth and improvement, whereas people with low self-esteem focus on not making mistakes in life.’ And the two attitudes have very different outcomes. This article will give you a very practical approach towards eliminating some of the major sources of low self-esteem. The goal is give yourself the best chance to succeed in the challenges along your way and to learn to accept yourself for your faults. THE 5 PHASES OF FIGHTING LOW SELF-ESTEEM IdentifyJust because you feel generally ‘down’ and you want to feel better, that does not mean yo u are ready to do something about it. You have to find the cause. And the cause could be sneaky. Let’s say you are growing bald. It happens suddenly, and it is very visible at first sight what is affecting you. You know when it started and you know what is causing it. However, low self-esteem might be stemming from a bad relationship or friendship, where the other person is putting you down, but is also manipulating you into you thinking they mean your best. Those reasons are trickier to uncover. Write down a list of the times that you were feeling down and the thoughts that were running through your head. Find the original bad thought that put you in that state. Caution: The reasons might be multiple.  CategorizeOnce you have discovered the cause of your low self-esteem, put them in one of three categories:Constants. The constants in your life are things you can’t change. For example if your low self-esteem is stemming from you being not-so-tall, you are probably not going to b e able to change that. The strategy you need to employ here is acceptance, or looking at things from a different angle. Instead of trying to change the constant, change yourself, to where the constant is not bothering you so much. Fluctuations. Those are situations where there is a combination of factors you can change and factors you can’t. If you sweat excessively for example, in most cases you will be able to improve your symptoms to where they are not a distraction in your everyday life, but you will always have to take excessive care of your personal hygiene, take pills, and/or spend a lot on medical-grade products. Variables. If your low self-esteem is stemming from the fact you are not a very good conversationalist, or you are at a low point in your career, there are things you can do to completely eliminate that source of low self-esteem.  ImproveThis is the part of the process our article is concentrating on. You need to adopt the attitude that you owe it to yourself to r esearch and never give up to always give yourself the best chance in life. Identify your issues, work on the ones you can change, and accept the flaws you can’t to where they do not interfere with the rest of your life. AdaptLet’s go back to the example with the frenemy â€" the friend that is actually your enemy. If they are causing your low self-esteem, naturally a part of your healing process will be to cut ties with such people. Unfortunately, in a lot of cases people attract similar types of friends around them â€" it is the principle of the key and the lock. It is common in this situation that a person will suddenly be left with a lot less friends than they started out with. And that could, in turn, be its own source of self-esteem issues. Now you will need a new strategy. Change the types of people you become friends with. Your old ways are no good. PersevereOnce you figure out the issue is solved, the worst thing you can do is to just fall back to how you were. It is impo rtant that you continue your efforts to improve your life. In the example of the frenemy, you have to be careful that you don’t attract the same false friends in your efforts to not be alone. If your excessive weight was causing the issue, and you lost some of it, you need to continue with your efforts. Remember. Maintenance and prevention is always easier than breaking the bad habit. YOUR BODYYour body is the home of your spirit. But it could also be the birthplace of many insecurities that poison your daily life. Because it is the first thing that people see about your, the most obvious difference between you â€" it is easy to see the differences in the physical world, and not so easy to see the difference between the minds. Please note that we are not saying that any of those issues should be a concern of yours, but here are some of the most common issues you could have with your body:You carry extra weightSome extra inches around your belly could really damage your self-worth. Luckily, it is one of the issues that can be fixed just by the power of an iron will. Caution â€" it is simple, but it is not easy. The first thing to do is to cut back on sugars. Your appetite will immediately go down and you will crave much less food. With a limited amount of carbohydrates, your body will be feeding off of the fat. Low sugar lowers insulin levels which leads the kidneys to lose the excess water and sodium. Concentrate on getting your protein, your fat sources and carbohydrates only in low-carb versions â€" particularly from vegetables. High protein diets will make you feel more full. Add more protein and you will feel it is way easier to stay off sugar.Now, some gym talk. Visit around 3 times per week. Make sure you do some stretches before you start. Warm up your muscles for the workout. Try to include some weight lifting, instead of doing cardio only. It will do wonders for your shape, in addition to your weight and you will see results in the mirror faster. Do n’t overdo it. Concentrate on what works for you. Explore different options. Even if someone tells you their routine is doing wonders for them, if it doesn’t fit your needs or is not up to your liking, ditch it. In the beginning, concentrate on persistence rather than a particular type of exercise. Once you get results, track them. Try to push yourself towards achieving your end goal. You sweatBO could take a real hit on your self image. Heavy sweating could be a sign of a medical condition. Hyperhidrosis, as it is also called, can be a symptom of a thyroid disease, diabetes or bacterial infection. Excessive weight is a contributing factor.  If the temperature is not high and you are not exercising, you should not be sweating profusely. This is when you know you have an issue. What can you do? Deodorants/Antiperspirants. If the generic products do not work for you, look for medical grade products. Iontophoresis. Low-level electrical impulses will temporarily incapacitate your sw eat glands.Medications. Ask your doctor for prescription and additional advice if you have to.  Botox. Botox can briefly stop the nervous system from triggering excessive sweating. Surgery. A doctor can cut a nerve in the chest that causes the sweating or they could as far as removing some of the sweat glands.You are not the right heightShorter people often suffer from lower self-esteem. The teen years are usually the hardest part in such cases. Shorter people have a more difficult time establishing themselves as the authority, and in their relationships.  However, you should not underestimate other factors â€" if your friends and family never make fun you for your height, you are more likely to develop high self esteem. The environment has an important role in determining how one perceives themselves.Surround yourself with people who treat you nice for who you are and do not accept jokes you are not okay with. You dislike your featuresFeeling ugly can be devastating to you, as this Cosmopolitan article tells us. Disliking our features could be detrimental to our confidence, especially during our teen years. This YouTube video outlines how young girls, in particular, feel confused about the way they look and seek validation from the internet. Seeing so many changes day after day, being told by their mothers and fathers they are beautiful, and by bullies at school â€" that they are ugly. In this day and age the question of cosmetic surgery will always come up in your mind. However, before you take any drastic measures, make sure you have considered all pros and cons.You are losing your hairHair loss is a common problem amongst men. Men do tie having a full head of hair to sex appeal. Even though only 13% have reported to have been very upset when their man lost their hair. In contrast, a full 52% think women would largely find bald men to be unattractive.Apparently what actually matters is confidence. If your confidence is diminished as a result of going bald, you will only make the problem worse.It is particularly devastating when it happens to women.You will find a lot of procedures can be done to try and remedy the root of the issue or hide the symptoms. The truth is nothing is proven to work. The best thing you can do is you can try to untie your confidence from your hair. Talk to people. Read about how others dealt with the issue. You are getting oldWomen feel invisible by the age of 51: Confidence plummets after hitting 50, the Daily Mail reports.‘Only 15 per cent of those over 45 declared themselves as having high or very high confidence while nearly half described themselves as not very confident at all… Six in ten felt modern life was geared towards younger women while 46 per cent believed that the problems faced by older women â€" such as the menopause, weren’t spoken about.’Here are some things you can do to fight this feeling:Self-esteem could actually increase as you age â€" you are smarter and more experienced now. Y ou can be more assertive.Sixty is the new forty! Some of our low confidence as we get old could be tied to us comparing ourselves to our parents at that age, but times have changed! Focus more on what is truly important. At a young age you have so much choice in front of you. But it also leads to a lot of confusion. Now you know who you are and what you want. Do it!YOUR JOBRoughly, we spend one third of our lives working. Your relationships at the office, your status, your opinion of your job can have a huge impact on the way you feel about yourself. You do not have a careerYou are college-educated, and yet, you could never find a well paid job in your field. It is the curse of a generation. It is a huge problem. Yet, society tells people working in the service industry derogatory jokes, people who work low-level, low-paid jobs are being ostracized and told they are to be blamed for their state of affairs. First, remember that you don’t have to always comply to society’s expecta tions, especially if you are happy with your job. Second, and only if you are not so happy, we advise you to do some research and look for the advice of career specialists. It is never too late to make a change. Passed over for promotionRedirect your negative emotions into positive efforts. Consider if it is maybe too early to despair. Do you have a future in the company? Decide where you should objectively draw the line. Be proactive and seek direct feedback from your supervisor. Take it as a serious learning opportunity â€" learn what you are doing wrong. The answer may surprise you. Plan carefully for your next step. What and when do you want to achieve from your job? Who is the decision maker? What is their vision of the situation? What are their condition? Is it something you can afford waiting for?You are underpaidMen are more likely than women to associate their self worth with the money they earn. And women are more likely to be underpaid because of their reluctance to negot iate for a higher salary. Deal with this issue in three steps. First, do your research. How much are you worth in your company? What about other companies? Second â€" who is deciding on your salary? Are they happy with your work? Third, plan carefully how and when to raise the question. Give yourself the best chance.  You are underappreciatedWork on getting yourself out of your comfort zone. Speak to your colleagues and customer more often. Write down a list of achievements no one gave you credit for. Make sure you raise the question during your next evaluation. YOUR MONEYThe thickness of your wallet may be tied to your self-worth. You are not your moneyIn some cases such world view could be justified. If you are a an associate at a law-firm for example, your earnings will be very closely tied to your worth as a lawyer. If you are an IT specialist though, you should not be comparing yourself to the celebrities on TV. It is a question of attitude, and your attitude will usually be cl osely tied to your ability to spend on products and services that are worth it, and on your ability to save money. For those points, direct your attention below. Be realisticIf you have unrealistic expectations you will never feel good in your skin. Make a mental exercise to always work on your best chances but not to have top expectations. Make a planConsult a financial specialist. Disclose the amount of steady income you are getting and your goals for the close or mid-term future. Maybe you want to get married? Have children? Retire? Ask your consultant about a percentage of your income they advise you to spend on necessities, luxury items, fun and… how much they advise you to save. Remember. You don’t solve money problems with money. Make amendmentsNo plan is a good plan if it is not flexible. If your income changes for the worse or the better you need to adjust your financial plan accordingly. Make investmentsYou do not necessarily need to make financial investments. What we mean by that is to consider every purchase to be an investment. Always think of the ‘return’ value. That way you will never spend money on junk. YOUR RELATIONSHIPSAs we discussed earlier in the article, a bad relationship has various ways of being toxic to your self worth. People are weird creatures. To no fault if your own you could be sucked in an unhealthy relationship â€" friendly or romantic â€" with an equally unhealthy person who can only feel good about themselves if they put other people down. Here are some helpful tips how to avoid that. Make friends with the right peopleStep number one is to be cautious about people who you let in your life. Be wary of people who: want to become too close too fastjoke about your insecurities and laugh it off then garnish the insult with a compliment too little too late gossip have too many insincere friendshipshave too little friends even though they seem socialLose friends when they are toxicStep number two is to not be shy to let p eople go during the first signs of them being unhealthy for you. It is better to have no friends than to hold onto a toxic relationship. Nourish relationships Hold on to your good friendships:Be grateful when someone does something for youBe conscious of people in your life that make you feel the best about yourself â€" ask them how you can help make their life betterBe the friend you want to have. Do not neglect your relationships. YOUR INTELLECTIf your self image could be affected a lot by the way you look, that is because your appearance leaves the first impression to people you meet. And the most lasting impression is affected by your smarts. Therefore if you don’t feel you come off as intelligent, it could be equally as damaging to your self esteem. Here are some tips how to come across as smarter, fast:Learn new thingsYour first task is to get hold of the news. Make sure you read about the most pressing local and international events every morning. This simple habit will imm ediately open access for you in office conversations. Several months in, you will be able to become the centre of attention. You will have informed opinions and even a witty joke or two. Master small talkThe key to small talk is to talk about things that don’t matter, as if they do. Talk about the weather, sports or… the news… and be engaging. Ask little questions here and there. ‘Hey, who are you rooting for at the game tonight?’, ‘Hey, how long do you think it will take them to finish the reconstruction on the 8th?’. Accept yourselfYou can master small talk, get on the topics of the day, and use little tips and tricks like that. But let’s be completely honest â€" you will probably not go back to college, you will probably not increase your IQ. There will always be someone around who is smart and dashing and witty. You are good enough. Just give it your best and relax.  CONCLUSIONYour self-image could be affected in various stages of your life by various factors. An d you may or may not be able to do anything about it. Sometimes it will be up to you, sometimes it will be completely out of your hands. Whenever you head for raising your self-esteem, you need to work in two directions in parallel. First, do your best to change the things you can change. And second, accept yourself, love yourself. Know that you are enough the way you are. Your goal should be to become the best version of yourself. Someone you can be proud of. Make sure you put your best foot forward and be happy.

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1312 Words

Within our novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, there are multiple main themes. Yet, we are exploring six of them, as they seemingly tie into our everyday lives the most, seeing as how we’re all growing up and being forced to view the world in a new light. There are few things people can escape from nowadays, those things not being racial injustice and gender prejudice, but it is simpler to escape from unwritten laws and to escape from being thrown from your chance at having a near normal childhood. I, personally, had to grow up fast and I’m thankful I did, or else I wouldn’t have the same world views as I do today. Though growing up fast can cause someone to be kind of bitter for a while, it helps them form their own thoughts and†¦show more content†¦Scout, on the other hand, views femininity and womanhood as a trap and as confining. She wishes to grow up on her own terms and to be seen as she wishes to portray herself. A prime example of this wou ld be her nickname, Scout, that she is called by more often than her feminine name Jean Louise. Since the Finch mother died whilst Scout was young, Scout never had a female role model in her life; most likely why she wishes to be so boyish, not having had the chance to spend time with a motherly figure and instead spending most of her time with Jem, and during the summer with Dill as well. In Scout’s time, women were expected to act as housewives or trophy wives, as they would often stay home to tend to the house, take care of children, and socialize with other neighbouring housewives. While Aunt Alexandra was capable, and great, at doing the things of a ‘regular’ housewife, it wasn’t the life Scout seemed to want. Scout liked playing outside and running and being free, since to Scout being a woman or lady was constricting it meant she couldn’t be free. Her aunt had even told her that she shouldn’t be doing activities if they required she wor e pants to do them, and that Scout should be a ray of sunshine in her father’s life. Since the family had lost a mother figure to care for the house they hired someone, Calpurnia to be exact. Calpurnia, who works as a cook and housekeeper for the

Paul after the Damascus Road Essay - 2027 Words

The Apostle Paul, the Apostle to the Gentiles, is a central figure within both Christian tradition and New Testament thought and writing. With such a crucial place, it is vital that we come to understand more of his life and thinking, as well as the world in which he and, more specifically, his theology were shaped. With this in mind, this essay will seek to explore Paul’s conversion and call experience as understood from Acts, and his personal references to it, drawing from them the ways in which this time was significant for Paul’s theological thinking, as expressed in his letters and work. To achieve this we will begin by addressing the call and/or conversion debate, arguing that the term ‘conversion and call’ best encapsulates†¦show more content†¦This argument does not, however, decisively remove the possible use of ‘conversion’ for Paul, as Stendahl’s view that conversion must mean abandonment of a previous religious sy stem is certainly not a necessary condition. In addition to this, to remove the language of ‘conversion’ from Paul’s experience is to remove its decisiveness; its absolute alteration of Paul’s thinking and being that can be seen in Gal 1:12-14. In these passages we see Paul speak of the risen Christ, who gave him his teaching and drew him away from his life in the Law, and as a Pharisee, in which he excelled (Gal 1:14) and which had led him to persecute the Church (Gal 1:13). When this Christocentric language is placed against his former understanding, which had caused him to persecute the Church, one cannot simply speak of a ‘call’, but rather must move to language of radical turning, of ‘conversion’. As this shows, while Stendahl’s argument that Paul should not be considered a ‘convert’ is not strong enough to warrant abandonment of the term, his exposition of Paul as ‘called’ should not b e ignored, as, from a missional point of view, he certainly was. This leads us to the conception of Paul’s experience as encapsulating both ‘call’ and a ‘conversion’ dynamic, more fully expressing the reports he and others gave of this time. The Christocentrism we touched on in the previous paragraph is one of the most fundamentalShow MoreRelatedThe Conversion Of The Apostle Paul1282 Words   |  6 PagesApostle Paul is one of the more well-known occurrences in biblical history. Paul’s conversion, on the Road to Damascus, shows that God’s power is great and that anyone can become a servant of the Lord. Paul became the foremost authority of the teachings of Christ in biblical history. Paul worked fervently, after his conversion, to spread the words of Christ throughout the known world. 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About seven years after Jesus died, Paul was riding on a horse and on the road to Damascus; he falls off his horse and has a premonition. Some people also describe this premonition as a nervous breakdown. Jesus Christ himself visits Paul and the spirit of Jesus then informs him about a religion that he has created, and that he requires Paul to bring this into the worldRead MoreThe Life And Ministry Of Paul1333 Words   |  6 PagesGreg Allen New Testament Survey 2 Professor Mike Smith 9 August 2015 (Final #1 The Life and Ministry of Paul) Blinded to Serve (Saul/Paul) It was year 5 when a boy was born into the tribe of Benjamin by the name Saul. Later down through the years would be the true definition of a missionary. Like any great story, there must be some growing pains. Saul was a devout Jew, one who looked to do whatever it took to stop those following Jesus. It’s in Acts 9 where one might read that Saul even went as

Swot Analysis of Dell Computers Free Essays

Dell Computer Corporation started in 1984 by Michael Dell with this very simple premise as its basic foundation: that personal computers could be built and sold directly to customers and by doing this, Dell could address their specific needs and provide the best computing solutions that meet those needs. Dell’s Direct Method provides two distinct advantages: 1. reducing marketing and sales cost by eliminating markups of distributors and retailers and 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Dell Computers or any similar topic only for you Order Now building to order reduced inventory costs and risks of retaining inventories. Dell’s Direct Model is the main reason why it has achieved its stellar status in business today. This strategic model enables Dell to interact with customers directly providing them with fast, reasonably-priced and friendly means of production and distribution. SWOT Analysis of Dell Computer Strengths Dell’s Direct Model approach of enables the company to offer direct relationships with customers such as corporate and institutional customers. Their strategic method also provides other forms of products and services such as internet and telephone purchasing, customized computer systems; phone and online technical support and next-day, on-site product service. This extensive range of products and services is definitely one of Dell’s strengths. Dell Computer’s award-winning customer service, industry-leading growth and consistently strong financial performance differentiate the company from competitors for the following reasons: Price for Performance – Dell boasts a very efficient procurement, manufacturing and distribution process allowing it to offer customers powerful systems at competitive prices. Customization – Each Dell system is built to order to meet each customer’s specifications. Reliability, Service and Support – Dell’s direct customer allows it to provide top-notch customer service before and after the sale. Latest Technology – Dell is able to introduce the latest relevant technology compared to companies using the indirect distribution channels. Dell turns over inventory for an average of every six days, keeping inventory costs low. The company’s application of the Internet to other parts of the business –including procurement, customer support and relationship management — is growing at a rate of 30 percent. The company’s Web site received at least 25 million visits at more than 50 country-specific sites. Weaknesses Dell’s biggest weakness is attracting the college student segment of the market. Dell’s sales revenue from educational institutions such as colleges only accounts for a measly 5% of the total. Dell’s focus on the corporate and government institutional customers somehow affected its ability to form relationships with educational institutions. Since many students purchase their PCs through their schools, Dell is obviously not popular among the college market yet. For home users, Dell’s direct method and customization approach posed problems. For one, customers cannot go to retailers because Dell does not use distribution channels. Customers just can’t buy Dell as simply as other brands because each product is custom-built according to their specifications and this might take days to finish. Opportunities Personal computers are becoming a necessity now more than ever. Customers are getting more and more educated about computers. Second-time buyers would most likely avail of Dell’s custom-built computers because as their knowledge grows, so do their need to experiment or use some additional computer features. Demand for laptops is also growing. As a matter of fact, demand for laptop has overtaken the demand for desktops. This is another opportunity for Dell to grow in other segments. The internet also provides Dell with greater opportunities since all they have to do now is to visit Dell’s website to place their order or to get information. Since Dell does not have retail stores, the online stores would surely make up for its absence. It is also more convenient for customers to shop online than to actually drive and do purchase at a physical store. Threats In a volatile market such as personal computers, threats abound. Computers change in a constant sometime daily basis. New software, new hardware and computer accessories are introduced at a lightning speed. It is essential for Dell therefore to be always on the lookout for new things or introduce new computer systems. The threat to become outmoded is a pulsating reality in a computer business. Not only that, companies must produce products that are high in quality but low in price. This is one challenge that Dell contends with. One of the biggest external threats to Dell is that price difference among brands is getting smaller. Dell’s Direct Model attracts customers because it saves cost. Since other companies are able to offer computers at low costs, this could threaten Dell’s price-conscious growing customer base. With almost identical prices, price difference is no longer an issue for a customer. They might choose other brands instead of waiting for Dell’s customized computers. The growth rate of the computer industry is also slowing down. Today, Dell has the biggest share of the market. If the demand slows down, the competition will become stiffer in the process. Dell has to work doubly hard to differentiate itself from its substitutes to be able to continue holding a significant market share. Technological advancement is a double-edge sword. It is an opportunity but at the same time a threat. Low-cost leadership strategy is no longer an issue to computer companies therefore it is important for computer companies to stand out from the rest. Technology dictates that the most up-to-date and fastest products are always the most popular. Dell has to always keep up with technological advancements to be able to compete. How to cite Swot Analysis of Dell Computers, Essay examples

Graffiti As Art Essay Thesis Example For Students

Graffiti As Art Essay Thesis Art is expression through any medium. It carries meaning and expression of thoughts and ideas. It holds feeling and energy. It carries force and diversity that not only the artist can see. It carries individuality, reason and inspiration. It does not have to be understood by anyone else. It conveys some of the innermost feelings in the most abstract ways. It contains beauty and elegance. It is about stating ideas, whatever the cost of conveying them. If this can define art, graffiti is an art form. Since the dawn of human existence and literally thousands of years before written languages developed, people have used their surroundings as a canvas for expression. What a better place to find art but in Montreal. The old citys elegant buildings are modernized by some of the most beautiful pieces of graffiti one will ever see. The mixture of old and new creates a totally unique place. The individuality of the city is reflected upon its thirst for art. What a better canvas than a stone wall. You do not have to visit a museum to see it, all you have to do is roam around the city to discover the buildings walls are used as the canvas and the local people are the artists. Graffiti artists are the Picassos of hip-hop culture. They portray a language, an image, a voice and a vision. Graffiti is important because it is truly PUBLIC, in the streets. The artist is totally free, as long as he does not get arrested, and his message can be seen by anyone. True revolution starts with free expression like this. Graffiti lives in silence, it grows in darkness, it redefines itself and shows that there is much more to life than we all think we know

Whats so bad about feeling good Essay Example For Students

Whats so bad about feeling good? Essay Politics and circumstance have conspired, it seems, to land us squarely in the No Generation: Sex is dangerous, private freedoms are public business, personal flamboyance is suspect. Small wonder that were nostalgic for the profligate pastfor a time when the sensualist was ascendent, when the flouting of conventional wisdom earned one a place, paradoxically, in the wisest of coteries; when the real social danger seemed to be in not exercising freedom. If it werent too close for clear-eyed perspective, the 1970sthe so-called Me Generationmight serve as an antidote to the censorious present. But theatre companies are gazing further back: to the rich and complex allurements of the Restoration. In todays pleasure-negative atmosphere, the Restoration comedies of 300 years ago might seem on the surface to be pretty museum pieces, distant and enticing. But recent attention paid them by Actors Theatre of Louisville and Washington, D.C.s Arena Stage attest to their affinities with our present age. ATLs Classics in Context Festival, culminating in a visitors weekend last Oct. 9-11, addressed the social, aesthetic and political influences surrounding the plays of Etherege, Wycherley, Behn, Congreve and Farquhar. Three days of lectures and colloquia were accompanied by productions of John Aubreys Brief Lives and Farquhars The Beaux Stratagem. The following week, Arena opened Congreves The Way of the World. Outline1 An explosion of license  2 Practicing safer theatre  3 Artifice twice removed   An explosion of license   We will write a custom essay on Whats so bad about feeling good? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now No mere exercise in theatre history, the Louisville conference was illuminated throughout by sparks of contemporary recognition. To quote Wycherleys Lady Fidget, Comparisons are odious. But who could miss the analogy to the age of AIDS when it was pointed out that the London Plague of 1665 was thought by some at the time to be divine retribution against a licentious era? Without explicitly evoking modern corollaries, Albert Wertheim of Indiana University implied that the cycle of expression and repression of artistic freedom that whirled through the Restoration is one that is spinning around even today. The periods explosion of theatrical license was the result of Oliver Cromwells Puritan rule over England from 1642 to 1660; Wertheim raised hopes that perhaps, after an analogous 12-year Republican reign, we are today preparing for another explosion. As Columbia Universitys Julie Stone Peters detailed the inextricable relationship between art, sex and politics in the hyper-eroticized court of Charles II, one couldnt help but ponder what a queasy mixture those ingredients make today. Just as sex has become increasingly politicized in the 1990s, profanity and moral turpitude were utilized as a political cudgel at the end of the 17th century. A reading from Jeremy Colliers 1698 diatribe A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage, peppered with words like smuttiness, debauchery, indecency and rankness, evoked the Rev. Donald Wildmon and his American Family Associations attacks on blasphemous and obscene art. A discussion on the necessity of embracing the controversial became so volatile that several Louisville audience members got up and left the auditorium during the weekends concluding colloquium on theatre censorship. Practicing safer theatre   The voluptuous pleasures of watching a play are ideally selfless, and therefore moral. An examination of the immorality of the Restoration stage and its period reveals a surprisingly moral landscape. In selecting Restoration plays for production, both ATL and Arena took a self-consciously restricted modern perspective: Despite the promising lure of outrage and delight, the two companies ultimately practiced safer theatre, deflating the impassioned plea voiced in Louisville by Ben Cameron, formerly of the National Endowment of the Arts, that theatre reclaim the issues of principle rather than taste, of the long-term investment in the creative spirit rather than the issues of momentary comfort. Satire, by its very nature, has a moral purpose. Although leaning toward the good-natured, sentimental plays of Steele and the later laughing comedies of Sheridan and Goldsmith, Farquhars Beaux Stratagemthe centerpiece of the Classics in Context weekendbuilds from this morally satiric base. ATLs literary manager Michael Bigelow Dixon asserts that this most frequently produced comedy of the 18th century presents a portrait of necessitythe necessary actions that men and women must take in a society that discriminates and limits the rights of women, younger sons and the lower classes. When he wrote the play in 1707, Farquhar was poor, ill and wretchedly married, and so his actual intention may not have been to repair widespread societal wrongs so much as to paint a portrait of freedom from individual pain. Yet the two things are really the same. His last line, though in reference to Englands as yet unestablished divorce laws, is a vestige of the lubricousness that ruled Charles IIs cour t some 40 years earlier: Consent is law enough to set you free. As an anthem from the 1960s put it: If it feels good, do it. Personal happiness seems an unexalted goal, but not if it is embraced with bravura and gusto. In the ATL production of Beaux Stratagem, unfortunately, the lovers, the schemers, the thieves, the intoxicants all seemed to go through their paces for reasons other than sensual fulfillment, emphasizing stratagem over desire. Ray Frys production of John Aubreys Brief Lives, adapted by Patrick Garland, gave a truer taste and feel of Restoration life. In Paul Owens outstanding scenic design, the smell of rotting fruit, chamber pots and scalded milk was almost palpable. William McNulty as Aubrey addressed the audience directly, implicating us in his web of gossip and delineating a character who would desiccate and perish without these tales to tell. Ultimately, Aubreys own life is a sad one because it is virtually non-existent; he defines himself by others deeds and thoughts, by the mandates of the status quo, by the necessities of appearance in a beau monde. Rather than exposing the rank underbelly of society, Congreves 1770 Way of the World with its perukes, powders, chiffon and convolutions of plot that detract from harsher sexual-political realities takes a safer route than, say, Ethereges Man of Mode or Vanbrughs The Relapse or Wycherleys The Plain Dealer, which skewer uptight, upright moralists. Writing under more-or-less self-imposed censorship, Congreve was responding to both a shifting popular taste and the very public temper tantrum of the Rev. Jeremy Collier. (Collier reserved especially damning censure for Congreves earlier plays, particularly Love for Love.) Although reluctant to enter into the fray, Congreve published his own pamphlet in 1698, Amendments of Mr. Colliers False and Imperfect Citations, in which he defends his own dramaturgy. I will not justify any of myerrors; I am sensible of many, he wrote later, admitting that there are crimes too daring and too horrid for comedy. What starts out as apologia ends up reading like apology. Disheartened, perhaps, by self-censorship, Congreve was to make Way of the World his last play. .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac , .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .postImageUrl , .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac , .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac:hover , .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac:visited , .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac:active { border:0!important; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac:active , .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47bf107042d169f3e13ef189a493c4ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Moot Essay Artifice twice removed   Congreve superimposes on his characters the suppression he himself was experiencing. The way of his world is the way of self-negation; nowhere in the play is there any of the freewheeling, free-spirited hedonism (except the love for money) that propelled his earlier works. Even the romantic relationships are reduced to purely mercenary levels; the courtship of Millamont and Mirabell, for example, culminates in the famous proviso scene an uncannily prophetic version of todays prenuptial agreement. The modern parallels of Way of the World have more to do with the events surrounding the writing of the play than with the experience of watching it; though purporting to show us the way of the Restoration world, it merely tells us what it looked and felt like, and even that representation is artifice twice removed because Congreve was writing under pressure the pressure of a changing society. But if Arenas production of Way of the World was unsanguine, it was no fault of the director, designers or actors. This visually stunning production unfolded in a series of artificial tableaux, pretty and arch, against a painted floor by Loy Arcenas depicting secret missives and watchful eyes, and with sumptuous costumes by Paul Tazewell. A clever new prologue written by production dramaturg Laurence Maslon helped explain the nearly inexplicable relationships between the characters. The direction by Kyle Donnelly was taut, rooted in time and personality. She transplanted the opening sceneoriginally set in a chocolate house to a steaming room. The sight of Mirabell, Fainall and Witwoud draped in nothing but towels was thematically bold; stripped of their waistcoats, breeches and wigs, the characters could have been our contemporaries. Juicier figs of the Restoration are ripe for picking. If a modern-day renaissance of Restoration studies and theatre is indeed underway, let us make our choices as brazen and as combative as the early Restoration, but with the full understanding that, inevitably, the cycle will come around again, and a New Puritanism will resurface. As it always has. Perhaps it is the spinning of the wheel that determines from time to time our freedom.

Age of Spiritual Machines essays

Age of Spiritual Machines essays The Age of Spiritual Machines presents a history of computers, looking at how past trends in computing have led to today's personal machines. Author Ray Kurzweil then goes beyond history to look towards the future. Most audiences are familiar with the notion that computers will one day think faster and better than humans. However, Kurzweil goes beyond such familiar ground, making specific predictions regarding how "spiritual machines" will blur the line between thinking humans and technological In the first part of the book, "Probing the Past," Kurweil presents an excellent survey of how computational knowledge evolved throughout history. A gifted technological historian, Kurzweil sets the stage in this chapter by showing how these past developments have both changed the way people live and how this knowledge laid the foundations for his future Towards this, Kurzweil draws heavily from the work of heavyweights in the field such as Carl Sagan, Sherry Turkle, Marvin Minsky, Alan Turing and Eric Drexler. While Kurzweil does not actually present anything new in this part, he presents a good synthesis of the work of these important technological writers and philosophers. In this sense, The Age of Spiritual Machines is already a good read for a person looking for a good introduction into the work of the aforementioned authors. However, Kurzweil then moves on to make predictions of his own, and the fact that Kurzweil is specific with his predictions is one of the strengths of this interesting book. The author writes, for example, that by providing more intense and pleasurable sensations, virtual sex will soon be better than conventional sex. Digital prostitutes will service humans in a virtual environment, eliminating the risk of disease. Humans will soon have the ability to download their brains and minds into robots. This means that humans would be akin ...

Apple Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Apple Company - Research Paper Example The Company is also engaged in a variety of stock exchange portfolios such as financial securities; Company shares, debentures and traded bonds. The ticker tape, AAPL: NASDAQ GS drives the Company’s financial and exchange markets with the highest stock price noted on February 18th, 2014 at 555.19 billion dollars. The Company’s trading period ends every September 28th with the September 2013 net income hitting 37.04 billion dollars as 225.18 dollars noted as 2013 assets value. The paper will focus on iPhone products with respects to its demand and supply. With respect to the demand of the iPhone products, the paper will showcase how iPhone products have an ever-increasing demand based on the sales of the products ranging from iPhone 5, iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S. The focus will be based on iPhone 5 that was ushered and launched September 21, 2012. During the same day, it is noted that over 2 million purchase was attached to first pre-ordering. This in comparison to iPhone 4 launched in October 2010, 1. 4 million purchase was recorded as the increase in first pre-ordering. On the other hand, iPhone 4S attracted over 4 million purchases in the first three days following its launch. In a snapshot, a robust demand for iPhone products is looming based on the promising purchases indicated. Surprisingly, an opening-weekend sale of iPhone 5 has dealt the Company’s image and reputation a blow based on the demand and supply of this product despite its massive upgraded features. Shortage in supply of iPhone 5 opened avenues for company’s critiques leading to its downgrading. This is supported by Apple chief Tim Cook on his apology as quoted, ‘While we have sold out of our initial supply, stores continue to receive iPhone 5 shipments regularly and customers can continue to order online and receive an estimated delivery date.  

Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Violence - Essay Example This paper tackles the topic of violence in films over different time periods and how these films differ. Each film is discussed using the theoretical perspectives of how violence occurs in a society. The film industry has many types of films or genres, and one of these is the gangster or criminal movies which portray the lives and exploits of criminals. These portrayals can often be too realistic for comfort although films which depict violence continue to enjoy its popularity. In this paper, the two films being considered for discussion are the â€Å"Gangs of New York† and also â€Å"There will Be Blood† in which the former was made in 2002 but the time period of the film was in 1863 while the latter film was made later in 2007 and its time setting was in 1902. It is just a mere coincidence the two selected films featured the same actor, Daniel Day-Lewis. This paper adopts the theoretical perspective of differential association theory in terms of explaining the violence in these two films. This particular theory best explains and is thought to be the most credible or realistic among several theories propounded regarding crime causation. Other theories may explain deviant behaviors in society but the differential association theory is right on the dot on why people commit crimes, which is due to their learned behavior. This theory states that people commit crimes because of their association with criminals via social interactions with these criminals, in which crimes are not viewed as inherently evil. In the film â€Å"Gangs of New York† the main protagonists learned how to be violent due to their prior associations with crime leaders. Bill Cutting (Daniel Day-Lewis) learned to be violent to enforce leadership of a crime gang under his mentor, Boss Tweed. On the other hand, Amsterdam Vallon (Leonardo DiCaprio) also learned to be violent due to his association with some underworld and unsavory characters, namely the former allies of his murdered

New Public Management in the UK

New Public Management in the UK This chapter is devoted to the New Public Management (NPM) aspects regarding the UK perspectives. It begins with the meaning and the origin of the NPM. Some discussions are raised whether it is a conceptual thought or a practical application of management in public service. Then, it draws the line of NPM development along the UK history since the public administration had been emerged. Four main trends of public management are investigated from the related literatures to provide the succinctly picture of the UKs public service organisations reform and changes. One way to understand how NPM has been developed is to understand its nature. The attributes and models of NPM therefore are identified and categorised into main groups. This is to show how NPM has been reformulating and re-labelling in different ways from time to time. Later in this chapter, The Pendulum analogy is introduced to analyse the changes and the trend of NPM. It goes to the question whether there is a Pendulum analogy of NPM in the UK or not. What is NPM? Sometimes the new public management seems like an empty canvas; you can paint on it whatever you like. There is no clear or agreed definition of what the new public management actually is and not only is there controversy about what is, or what is in the process of becoming, but also what ought to be. (Ferlie et al., 1996:10) The term New Public Management (NPM) is used internationally in academic, governmental and organisational discussions, but it is rarely defined. It began life as a conceptual device invented for purposes of structuring scholarly discussion of contemporary changes in the organization and management of executive government In the decade after entering the literature, NPM acquired a wider range of meanings. For instance, some scholars have asserted that NPM is the application of new institutional economics to public management, many scholars have used this term in referring to a pattern of policy choices. This variation in usage means NPM is more a recognizable term than a fully established concept. (McLaughlin et al., 2002:15) Britain is very much on the crest of the NPM wave, as successive governments have sought not only to cut public expenditure and redraw the boundaries of the state but also to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of public services(Horton and Farnham, 1999:55) Origin and Definition Hood (1991:5) argues that NPM is originated from two different streams of ideas. First idea is The new institutional economics movement which have a set of new administrative style such as contestability, user choice and transparency. Second is Managerialism style which is drawn from scientific management mindset. Horton, S. Farnham, D. (1999) argue that by 1997 all public services had been affected by the adoption by successive conservative governments of neo-liberal or New Right ideas and all had been managerialised. The service were discussed as new, because they had been shifting from traditional bureaucratic administrative to managed public business. The reform of public services had been internalised and it was possible to describe as New Public Management as the norm. Concept or Application The Development of NPM in the UK Early Public Administration Earlier systems of administration began when there was an empire and its government. It most controlled from the centre based on personal that is the loyalty to individual such as a king or a minister rather than impersonal that is based on the organisation or the state. The common system inherited in this system is patronage and nepotism. The only way that young man can be employed by the government was to be supported by relative or family in a position. And there is no guarantee in the quality or competent in this so called spoiled system. (Hughes, 2003:18) The Traditional Public Administration Administrative systems traditionally dominated public organisations because historically the public services emerged as administrative bodies, supporting political policy makers and law makers and ensuring that the law was implemented. The civil service is still dominated by an elite whose perception of their roles is that of policy advisers to ministers and guardians of the public interest rather than managers. The administrative culture is also a consequence of traditional systems of public accountability (Horton and Farnham, 1999:38) Hughes (2003) states that the public administration was once a major movement in public sector reform established between 1900 and 1920. He characterized this tradition model as an administration under the control of political leadership, based on a strictly hierarchical model of bureaucracy (p.2) According to his work, the most influence theorists who contribute the success idea of public administration are Woodrow Wilson, Max Weber and Frederick Taylor. Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924), the key activist and the professor at Princeton, argued that there should be a distinctive separation between politics and the administration. He proposed this idea many years before becoming the president of the United States. Max Weber (1864-1920), the German sociologist and political economist, formulated the theory of bureaucracy which set out the principles form of modern system of bureaucracy as the impersonal system based on rules and law, hierarchy structure organisation, bureaucratic professional public official, specialised office management, recruited and appointed by merit and politically neutral. Frederick Taylor (1856-1915), an American engineer was recognised as the father of scientific management devoted to improve standard of factory assembly line but fit very well with the theory of bureaucracy. He created theory of one best way of working and systematic control. (Hughes, 2003:20-27) The nature of administrative official work in most public organisations is defined as bureaucratic, incrementalist and particularist. The characterisation of bureaucratic management is hierarchy, impersonality and expertise. They concluded that Those in managerial positions have clearly defined roles within a specialised, hierarchical and horizontal division of labour. Their responsibility are narrowly defined and circumscribed by rules, and officials have limited discretion. (Horton and Farnham, 1999:39) Public administration was successfully established and has its golden age around 1920- to the early 1970s. During 1945-1979, it is known as The welfare state which has developed during the immediate post-war period that needs the reconstruction. There was rationing of industrial and building materials and planning in the economy, in land use and in public service. (Flynn, 2002:30) However, later it was found that the hierarchical structured have four major problems: First, political control was inadequate and illogical because politics cannot be separated from the administrations. Second, the problem of one base way begin to focus more on procedure and manual rather than contingency plan and problem solving, this is appeared as no responsibility for results. Third, the problems of bureaucracy were raised such as the administration work as timeserver waiting for retirement day, the formal bureaucratic offices were no longer efficient when compare with the private management company.(Hughes, 2003:30-37) In summary, the tradition model of public administration was the longest and most successful theory of management in the public sector before it had been replaced by the New Public Management Style. The Managerialism Since the early 1980s, there have been three main managerialist thrusts in the public services, although there have been variations within each service. First, there was tighter control of spending, involving cash limits and manpower budgets, and cuts in spending on staff. Second, there was a movement to decentralise managerial responsibilities and functions through more devolved budgetary systems and giving more responsibility to line managers, Third, management has become more rational with the introduction of management by objectives and performance management systems, including use of performance indicators and merit pay.(Horton and Farnham, 1999:42-43) The shift from particularist management to generic management in the public services is demonstrated by four key changes: first, public management is increasingly dominated by general managers, rather than specialist managers or professionalssecond, it is more objective-driven, rather than problem-driven; third, managers are now prepared to facilitate change, rather than resist it; and, fourth, managers behave as if the public are their main concern, rather than their staff.(Horton and Farnham, 1999:43) The New Public Management The emergence of new public management era has been developed from the scientific management and corresponding with the managerialism initiative. The good way to describe the NPM development is to do by chronological order according with the political development as well established by Norman Flynn (2002). 1979-1997, The New Right Conservative government under Margaret Thatcher and John Major toward the public services hired advisers form business, especially retailing companies to help them to think about how public services should be managed. The solutions included internal market, competition with the private sector, performance measure and management, decentralized operational management and revised payment system.(Flynn, 2002:36) 1997-2007 the Blair government announce the new third way represented a new type of politics, leaving behind old definition of left and right, capitalism and communism but the two great streams- democratic socialism and liberalism. A new generation of public reform was labelled as join-up government and later know as whole-of-government. This model was first introduced by Blairs government that its strategy is focus more on holistic rather than only economics approach. It aimed to make better use of scarce resources, create collaboration between different departments in the same area and provide one stop service to citizen. Due to the threat of terrorism had arisen that time, shared information between public agencies is became the key issue. It cut across traditional boundaries by create coordinative structure. It was claimed as Post-NPM model and critiqued the previous NPM that ignore the problem of horizontal structure. (Flynn, 2002, Christensen and Lagreid, 2007) 2007-2010, The Brown ministry ( latest ref needed) The NPM Attributes and Models It is essential to identify key elements of NPM in order to see whether it can be categorising and groping those attributes and model to formulate the trend or movement. The following part of this chapter then consults with the previous literatures and related studies to gather all information and later on proposed the major trend of the NPM pathway. NPM Attributes Hood (1991:4-5) discussed the doctrines of NPM which characterized to 7 components as follow: Using professional management who is full accountability and responsibility rather the power Explicit standards and measures of performance in terms of target, quantities Focus on output and outcome rather than procedures Shift to disaggregation of units in which separate provision and production interests to divided units. Create greater competition, use term contract to make competitive cost and higher standard Do more on business-like management style implemented in the public service culture Cutting costs and careful on budgeting with the idea of doing more for less He critiques that to identify success of NPM should be assess by the output to be delivered on what its claim. But the result so far has not a substantial work to be proved. NPM Models According to Ferlie et al. (1996:10-15), four new public management models have been introduced: Model 1: The Efficiency Drive, early to mid-1980s in Thatcher government initiated this model and the core themes are: An increased attention to financial control A strong managerial by hierarchy, a command and control mode of working An extension of audit both financial and professional, bench-marking, assessing performance Increased stress on provider responsiveness to consumers. More market-minded and customer oriented. Deregulation of the labour-market and increasing the pace of work: short-term contract; higher turnover at senior management level A shift in power from professionals to management Less bureaucratic and more entrepreneurial management New forms of corporate governance Model 2: Downsizing and Decentralization Developed quasi-market as the mechanism for allocating resources whining the public sector A move from management by hierarchy to management by contract. Contracting out of non-strategic function Delayering and downsizing, moves to flatter organizational structures, staff reduction move from command and control to networking and coordination Move away from standardized forms of service to more flexibility and variety. Model 3: In Search of Excellence, there is strong interest in how organizations manage change and innovation. In the bottom-up form: emphasis on organization development and learning; the learning organization movement of the late 1980s represents the latest relabeling of this tradition. In the top-down form: stress on charismatic forms of top-down leadership, more intensive corporate training programmes and strategic human resource management function. Model 4: Public Service Orientation receives notions of high quality management A major concern with service quality Reflection of user concerns and values in the management process Stress on the development of societal learning over and above the delivery of routine service Stress on securing participation and accountability as legitimate concerns of management in the public sector. Centralization: joint- up government, whole-of Government, reaggregation, In the 1990s the UK public services had experienced significant changes in what government expected of them and the way they were organised. The conservative government prior to 1997 had followed a policy of trying to achieve greater efficiency and service through market forces, setting up structures within public services to promote competition. With the election of the Labour government in 1997 this policy changed. Rather than emphasising competition, the emphasis switched to co-operation and what became known as Join-up government. Different services should work together to make them more accessible to their communities and improve quality. It was a theme with which Tony Blair, the Prime Minister, became personally identified.(Johnson and Scholes, 2002:572) Decentralization: Privatization, Agencification, Marketization, Disaggregation It [Privatisation] has taken three main forms: the selling-off government assets, the increased private-sector role within the public sector, and commercialisation of the public sectorFirst, the selling-off of government assets involves the transfer of ownership form the public to the private sector. Since 1979, more than 60 nationalised industries an state companies have been privatised, local authorities have sold land and other assets, Second, the increased private-sector role within the public sector involves private businesses and voluntary organisations providing public services still under government control government bodies have increasingly contracted-out service provision to private contractors; and central government has appointed many business people on to the boards of quangos that are responsible for providing public services. Third, commercialisation of the public sector requires public sector bodies to imitate allegedly more efficient private sector bodies in the way they manage themselves. For example, government bodies have levied more charges on consumers of their services; performance management has been increasingly entrenched in the public sector; and government reforms of public services have often asserted the right to manage with public managers being given more freedom locally to deploy resources in pursuit of centrally set policy goals. (Horton and Farnham, 1999:53) The Pendulum of Public Sector Management The Analogy of Pendulum The NPM Pendulum in the UK The major attempt is to reduce size of the public sector. By 1997, more than 90 public enterprises had been sold to private sector. This included both selling of public enterprise to private shareholders and introducing competition in to the remaining public sector into the supply of services of private sector. Privatization had the further advantage of raising additional revenue from the sale of state assets, thus avoiding increases in general taxation to fund government spending. (Horton and Farnham, 1999:12)

Price Analysis in Various Situations

Price analysis is a price comparison of a proposed price without analyzing any of the separate cost of elements that it’s composed of. With any purchase some type of cost analysis is completed in order to receive the best price possible. This paper will discuss which method for performing price analysis is best in the widest variety of situations. The policy of the government is to contract for its products and services at fair and reasonable prices. With that, many factors are taken into account when determining fair and reasonable prices and how the government determines fair and reasonable pricing. There are five means identified to determine fair and reasonable pricing: competitive offers, established catalog prices, established market prices, established by law and regulation, and cost based prices. Fair and reasonable price is what the government is willing to pay for products and services in competitive market conditions given reasonable knowledge of the marketplace. When the government acquires various products and services it must forecast the products and services in its budget and be able to convince the reviewing authorities the the forecast is reasonable. When forecasting the likely price of acquisition evaluation of bids, proposals, and quotations has to be completed. Then, the bidder or offeror for the reward must be selected and then the preparation for price discussion in negotiation. Given the opportunity to use any method of price analysis for the duration of my career, I would choose comparison of competitive bids. With this method three or more suppliers for the price of the same product are selected in order to determine if a particular price is reasonable. However, it’s not the best idea to go solely on the lowest bid without knowing full details into how that figure came about. Cheaper is not always the best value. Instead of comparing the lowest price, compare the total cost of acquisition. This includes variable cost, fixed cost, and semi-variable cost. When all these items are discussed a fair and reasonable price is at hand. If taking the lowest price is the key then there would be no value if what is purchased is unknown. In all, Price analysis is a price comparison of a proposed price without analyzing any of the separate cost of elements that it’s composed. Given the opportunity to choose the method of price analysis, I would choose comparison of competitive bids because it allows multiple offers to be compared and other factors of discussion in negotiaton of priceing.

Preparing to Conduct Business Research Essay

Preparing to Conduct Business Research Part Three In the business world today, management must know how to conduct business research for their organization to stay competitive. Organizations that stay competitive are those who have the knowledge to conduct business research and/or surround themselves with management that has the knowledge to do so. Knowing the right question to ask and how to get the answer is significant to reaching the organization’s goal. Problem and Purpose The key to staying competitive is communication. One must clearly be able to identify the problem and the purpose of each program one is ready to implement either to improve or reach the businesses’ destination. For example, at Valley, the problem is that majority of the production standards are incorrect and not up to date, which causes the production to be inefficient. For instance, if the standard says twelve hitches an hour and the operator can only make ten hitches an hour, the efficiency is out the door. On the other hand, if a program was implemented and discovered that the standard is ten hitches an hour, the efficiency is good. The purpose of implementing the program is to find the root-cause, improve the process, and update the new data into the system. Without a clear thought and view of the situation, one will likely end up wasting valuable time and money. In short, if a business wants to be successful, a business must know the bottleneck and the resolution of implementing the program. The Significance of finding a Solution to the issue, problem, and opportunity. The significance of finding a solution to the issue, problem, or opportunity is to improve the production line and stay in business. For example, at Valley, without the implementation of the program to improve and correct the standard pieces an hour, it does not matter how hard the employees work, management will see the employees as not performing to the  organization’s expectation. Thus, the employees will be reprimanded. By implementing the program, Steve and his team discovered new process of expediting production line and correcting the standard on pieces an hour, which it improves the efficiency. It is vital that data collected are input into the system for the system to have accurate reading on the performance of the employees. Without the solution to the problem, the results will not be in management’s favor. Thus, the inefficiency will show upper-management that the organization is not profitable. Research Questions, Hypothesis, and Variables In every experiment or study, there are questions, hypotheses, and variables one must take into consideration. For instance, questions, such as why are implementing this program, is this program appropriate for this experiment or study or how are we going to improve our goals. As mentioned early on preparing to conduct business research part one, Steve and his team made several hypotheses such as, if the team put an experienced employee to run the robot will the robot produce more products or if the team expedites the welding speed will that improve production, and still have the same weld penetration on the parts. Hypotheses such as these will eventually lead to the goal. Variables as mentioned early in the first essay, when an experienced employee ran the robot, we produced more products compared to an entry-level employee or the speed of the employee; the employee has to keep up with the robot in order to produce more parts. Variables such as these also need to be considered as well. Research Design Knowing the proper research design for his or her business is another element to consider when one wants to implement a program to either solve the issues, problems, or just to improve the opportunity. There are several research designs that can help solve the issue, problem or improve the opportunity. Before such a program can be implemented, one must know the business financial state and which program is appropriate to meet the goals. As noted on the second preparing to conduct business research essay, at Valley, Steve and his team used the exploratory study for two reasons. First reason was by using the exploratory study Steve and his team will discover other ways to improve or improvise the process of producing a part. The second reason is the most important reason it save time and money. Steve and his team could have chosen Causal Study, but it would have been inefficient, as the causal method would only solve one problem at a time. Instrument Developed or Selected There is an old saying, â€Å"There is more than one way to skin a cat;† in other words, there is more than one instrument that can be used to accomplish a goal. One can either use an instrument that has already by developed or develop a new one. It is always good to challenge the status quo to develop new concepts and think outside the box. A creative management is one who will likely be more successful than one who is not. As noted by Golicic and Davis, (2011) â€Å"Using multiple methods to study a phenomenon is proposed to produce results that are more robust and compelling than single method studies.† The data instrument Steve and his team used at Valley was communication. Steve and his team first interview the operators; they asked the number of years the operators have been operating the machines, their skillset, their ability to multi-task, their machine troubleshooting knowledge, and how parts were documented: hourly or by shift. After collecting the data, Steve and his team started conducting time studies for each operation. By collecting data and conducting time studies, Steve and his team not only resolved a problem, but they also improved the existing manufacturing process. Sampling Method Every management has his or her way of doing sampling. It depends on what a management wants to accomplish. At Valley, Steve and his team conducted the sampling by doing time studies on cycle time for each operation and on each employee. Since it is an ongoing process, every time a new work order appears, Steve and his team would have to conduct the sampling. Steve and his team sampling method were not that difficult because they can control the environment and the atmosphere. Steve and his team starting with the entry-level employee and work their way to the senior-level employee. Different management has different style of doing sampling. Overall data analysis approach There are many ways a management can approach a data analysis. One can process by monitoring or surveying. At Valley, Steve and his team approached by monitoring and surveying. At first, Steve and his team monitor each employee’s performance such as how the employee would run the machine or robot and compare it to other employees. By monitoring the employees’ performance, Steve and his team managed to find the most effective way of operating the machine or robot. After monitoring, Steve and his team survey the employees by conducting interviews and communication. In doing so, in some area where the standard varies, Steve and his team can come to an agreement of a median standard for that particular work order and process. Result Reporting A management can use any research design or approaches on data analysis to discover or reach the goal. The important factor in using the program is the results. In the end, the upper-management would want a final report on the results. Questions and concerns have to be answered if results are not in upper-management’s expectations. By reporting the results, upper-management will be able to make their decision whether to proceed with the program or if it is just a waste of time. In other words, did upper-management get their money’s worth? Another factor in reporting the results is that upper-management now will have a better understanding of the organization’s culture, tradition, and goals. Ethical considerations Ethics in the workplace is very important. Ethics has many meanings; to some people, ethics can mean doing something that is appropriate and legal. On the other hand, to others, ethics can mean whatever it takes to get the job done. In our experiences, poor management wants the results to be in their favor; they would even resort to research data manipulation to reflect their agenda positively. In the end, management gets the results that they wanted, but lose a few hard working dedicated employees who value ethics. On the other hand, a good management cares for their employees’ safety and well being. They have employees who do what is right and legal. In an article from the Trade Journal, the author stated, â€Å"A recent International  Study by Walker Information and the Hudson Institute found that 55 percent of workers who describe their workplace environment as ethical are more likely to be loyal and stay with the same organization† (Sherren, 2005). For companies who care about, respect, and recognize their employees’ hard work, are rewarded with employees who are very loyal to the organization and work even hard to see that the organization succeeds. There are companies in Asia who value and maintain an ethical workplace culture that have employees work their entire careers under the same organization and have family members working alongside them. This is an example of a great company-employee relationship that emphasizes trust and ethics that transcends numbers, and profit margins, and have thus become symbiotic in nature; turning a traditional work environment into a more familial culture. Conclusion There are many kinds of management in the business world; some emphasize one business culture over the other. Whatever the case may be; there is one ruling goal in business, and that is to make the most profits by any means necessary. Businesses that are successful are the ones that have knowledge of conducting business research methods and know what questions to ask, who to ask and where to get the answers. It is also important that business who conduct business research to consider the long-term ramifications and possible unintended consequences that their decision will have on their employees, stockholders, clients and the society as a whole. When conducting a business research, it is important to consider the problem and the research purpose, the significance of the research and the different opportunities it would bring. A researcher should also take into account the research method, the hypotheses, the variables, and the ethical considerations that their data analysis will bring the company, not because it is legal, but because it is simply the right thing to do. References Cooper, D.R., & Schindler, P.S. (2011). Business Research Methods (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Golicic, S. L., & Davis,, D. F. (2011, June). Benefits and challenges of conducting multiple methods research in marketing. Academy of Marketing Science. Journal39.3, Vol. 39, Issue 3(), p. 467-479. Sherren, J. (2005, June). Ethics in the workplace. Trade Journals, Vol. 8, Issue 4 2p.p.4-5. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/230359334?accountid=458

How to Study for Fill in the Blank Tests

Of all the test question  types, fill-in questions may be the most feared. But this type of question doesnt have to give you an immediate brain drain. There is an effective strategy for preparing for this type of test question. In most cases, the best tool for test preparation is great class notes. When you take good notes from your teachers lecture, you usually have about 85% of the material youll need to prepare for any type of test,  right on hand. Most teachers create tests straight from their lecture notes. When preparing for a fill-in test, your class notes are even more important than ever. If you have been able to record your teachers notes word for word, you may have some fill-in phrases for the test right in front of you already. If youre preparing for a fill-in-the-blank test right now, pull out those class notes and try one of these two study strategies. Strategy 1: Leave Out a Word The great thing about this method is that it actually prepares you for all types of questions. Youll find that this method makes it easy to answer most any essay question, as well as the fill-ins. Read over your class notes and underline new terms, important dates, noteworthy phrases, and the names of key people.Put parentheses around the sentence that contains your key word or phrase.Copy each sentence onto a clean sheet of paper, leaving out the key word or phrase.Leave a blank space where they key word or phrase should go.At the bottom of the paper  containing your sentence (or on a separate page), make a list of the key words and phrases. This will serve as your key.Read over your sentences and attempt to fill in the blanks with correct answers in very light pencil. Consult your notes when necessary.Erase your work and continue this process until you can answer all your fill-in questions with ease.For insurance, read through the relevant chapters in your text to find any words or phrases you didnt find in your notes.Go through the same process of copying sentences and filling in the answers until they all come easily. Strategy 2: Dry Erase Practice Test You can create your own reusable practice test by using the following steps. Make a photocopy of your class notes or textbook pages.White out key words, dates, and definitions.Slip the new page with blank spaces into a plastic sheet protector.Use a dry erase pen to fill in answers. You can easily wipe away your answers to practice again and again.